A strong start in the stock market in 2013 has cheered investors weary of the fiscal cliff doom and gloom during the holidays, and MoneyShow’s Howard R. Gold, also of The Independent Agenda, examines the sectors that will lead the next leg up.

Stocks have moved up smartly since the New Year’s Eve rally began, and though they’ve paused a bit over the last couple of days, they appear to be heading higher still.

Last year’s leaders—especially consumer discretionary and financial stocks—are still setting the pace, suggesting that the economy will continue to grow in 2013, as housing recovers and auto sales stay strong.

But as the year progresses, I expect those early-cycle plays to pass the leadership torch to stocks that do best later in an economic recovery. We may even be coming to the end of the massive rally in homebuilders and similar stocks that has produced such phenomenal gains since the market bottom of early 2009.

Sam Stovall, who follows sectors—and market history-—closely in his role as chief equity strategist at Standard & Poor’s Capital IQ, thinks a change in leadership may be in the works, most likely later in 2013.

“We are starting to move from the early cycle to the mid-cycle performers,” he told me. That means sectors like industrials and materials stocks could be the leaders of the bull market’s next phase.

Right now he thinks last year’s leaders—the S&P financials (up 28.8% in 2012) and consumer discretionary (up 23.9%) sectors—will remain leaders through spring. Why?

Because the first four months of the calendar year generally see consumer discretionary and financial stocks outperform.

As the year rolls on, he thinks “a movement into materials and industrials would be consistent with a shift from the early-cycle performers to the mid-cycle performers.”

“The materials,” he continued, “are starting to move, as are the industrials. The financials may have a little life left in them.”

But they and consumer discretionary stocks have come a long, long way in the rally that started in fall 2011 and even further in the bull market that celebrates its fourth anniversary this March.

The Sector SPDRs covering consumer discretionary stocks and financials have risen over 100% and 90%, respectively, from their recent lows in August-September 2011 and have both about tripled since the market bottom of March 2009. Some homebuilders and retailers have gained 500% since the 2009 market trough. To say the easy money has been made in these stocks is an understatement.

Meanwhile, the bull market is getting a bit long in the tooth. According to InvesTech Research, the average bull market in the S&P 500 has been 3.8 years while the mean has been 3.6. We’ve hit both already.

NEXT: Where to put your money in 2013

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But there’s another wrinkle. Stovall says we may have experienced a brief bear market in 2011, and that may help determine where stocks go from here.

From April to early October 2011, the S&P lost 19.5% (based on closing price) and dropped as much as 21.5% intraday. Midcaps and small caps fell 25% while international markets tumbled 30%—bear market territory by any definition.

But Stovall called it either a severe correction or a “baby bear market,” which occur when the S&P loses 15%-25% over a few months. But then the market recovers quickly, producing “an average [gain] of 31.7% a full year after these market declines had run their course.”

In that report, published October 31, 2011, he wrote that “should history repeat itself,…the S&P 500 would eclipse 1450 by this time next year.”

It actually took 14 months to get there, but hey, it was a great call. He’s looking for the S&P to reach 1600 this year.

Here’s why this history matters now: Recoveries from baby bears generally run their course in two years, which means this latest move could be over towards the end of 2013.

The Federal Reserve’s easy money policy may have thrown a monkey wrench into “normal” market cycles, and looming over the next few weeks are three more fiscal hurdles Congress must clear—automatic spending cuts, the debt limit, and the end of the current budget resolution that keeps the government open.

Read why a fiscal stalemate and government shutdown could be looming on The Independent Agenda.

If you’re an active investor and you think that won’t have a long-run impact, you  might consider shifting some “mad money” (the 10% or 20% of your holdings not in low-cost, diversified index funds) from financials and consumer discretionary stocks into the materials and industrial sectors.

ETFs are the easiest way to do it, through the Materials Select Sector SPDR (XLB) and the Industrial Select Sector SPDR (XLI).

If you insist on buying individual stocks (which I don’t recommend), Stovall says industrial Trinity Industries (TRN) and materials stock Rio Tinto (RIO) are good choices.

Trinity, a mid-cap value stock, could see a boost in demand for the rail cars it manufactures if the economy continues to recover. S&P’s analyst expects earnings to rise 20% in 2013, while the stock changes hands at less than 12x estimated 2012 earnings of $3.13 a share.

Rio Tinto, headquartered in London, mines aluminum, copper, gold, and other minerals. S&P also expects earnings to grow 21.5% this year; the shares, at $57, trade at less than ten times 2012 earnings estimates.

Howard R. Gold is editor at large at MoneyShow.com and a columnist at MarketWatch. Follow him on Twitter @howardrgold and catch his coverage of the economy and politics at www.independentagenda.com.