Using a certain momentum indicator and corresponding strategy, traders of several major currency pairs can identify set-ups, qualify their trades, and execute with greater accuracy and confidence.
The “Momentum Box”
Often times there is a pattern in our current trending markets whereby the pairs consolidate for quite a period of time after a series of impulsive/trending moves. When this happens, as the markets get bottled up between a floor and a ceiling, you often see what I refer to as the “momentum box.”
This is where the 12-period momentum indicator gets “boxed up” between a floor and a ceiling. This set-up becomes an opportune time to help us forecast when a legitimate breakout is occurring, how to trade it, and when to exit the position.
Looking at our first chart, figure 1 below is the EUR/USD on the one-hour chart. For now, concentrate on the 48+ hour price action hemmed within a 190-pip range on the pair, as delineated by the two white, horizontal lines on the chart.
Now also take note of how the momentum indicator got hemmed into a tight range, or momentum box, during the same time period as well. When the momentum indicator gets confined in such tight parameters, it’s telling you the internal momentum for the pair is clearly weak and that the order flow behind such price action is not favorable for either a bullish or bearish move.
Figure 1
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Essentially, the order books are fairly even and the institutional players are deciding upon the next move, but have not placed their bets at that point. This is where the box and the momentum indicator can tell us when the range is going to break and how to trade the move. This method is also generally applied to the one-hour chart, but it can be applied to daily time frames as well.
Remember, currency pairs are like humans: They do not like to be caged in small spaces for long periods of time. As it stands, the EUR/USD is averaging about a 230-pip range from top to bottom on any given day (via the average true range, or ATR).
Now mind you, the two-day range this pair was hemmed in was about 195 pips wide. This generally creates cabin fever for the pair, and the resulting breakouts are usually forceful. In essence, this two-day range was 20% smaller than the pair normally moves on a single day.
This is like living in a lower Manhattan studio apartment you bought for $300,000. Anyone living in such circumstances would go batty or never come home since they would be living, eating, bathing, and sleeping in a virtual closet!
The point here is the market usually busts out of these shackles and embarks on a powerful move. The momentum box in these situations is great to get us in and out of the trade.
So looking at the figure above, we can see the two lines the momentum indicator was also hedged between. Generally, I require two peaks and troughs in place for it to be an official box. Once I have these parameters, I wait for the momentum indicator to spill out of the box.
NEXT: How to Spot the Breakout and Execute Your Trade
|pagebreak|Momentum is generally a leading indicator, and it will often move before price action does. Figure 2 below shows us below how the price action finally broke and closed out of the range, but one candle before, momentum has spilled out of the box, telling us that a breakout was in play.
Figure 2
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How to Trade This Breakout
Looking at figure 3 below, we will see the same chart with an additional indicator, the 14-period average true range (ATR) on this one-hour chart.
Figure 3
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The general method is this:
Once you have your boxes in place and you see the momentum spill out, we want to apply one more filter to qualify the trade. Using the ATR in combination with the momentum, you will want the following changes within the two indicators:
First, you will want momentum not only to be moving in the direction of the breakout, but at least have an approximate 25% adjustment in the momentum reading. The hour before the price broke and closed outside the range, the reading was at -.0102 and the reading on the breakout was -.0134 (about 30%).
Second, you will want ATR to be increasing by at least 5%. Eight percent is better, and above 10% is really good confirmation.
The reason for wanting an ATR increase is because if it’s a legitimate breakout, volume and volatility should be increasing by at least 5%. If it’s decreasing, the breakout is unlikely to produce something significant because the order flow is not behind it. When order flow increases in one particular direction, the ATR should increase with the newly added order flow.
The hour before it broke out, the ATR was reading .0045 (about 45 pips per hour), and after it broke, it was posting .0048, clocking in a 6.67% increase. When we have such a confluence between the momentum box break, a 25% change in momentum (aligned with the direction of the move), and the 5% increase in the ATR, we take the trade with two lots on the position.
NEXT: Two Methods for Getting Into This Trade |pagebreak|
We have two methods for getting into the trade:
- Take a two-lot trade in the direction of the break, and place your stop about 15 pips on the opposite side of the 20-period exponential moving average (EMA) (more aggressive), or…
- Wait for a retest of the previous floor and wait for it to become resistance via a role reversal (more conservative) and place the stop at the same level. This would be vice versa for a breakout to the upside.
Our initial target should be 51 pips, whereby we bring the stop to free/breakeven and trail the second lot. We can trail the second lot using a couple different options as well:
- Trail the second lot with the 20-period EMA, and the first candle to close on the opposite end of the 20 EMA serves as an exit signal for us on the close of such a candle.
- Ironically, we can use the momentum indicator and the original momentum box as our exit.
Looking at figure 4 below, we see the original lines for the box. When the momentum indicator pierces through the opposite end of the box from the break, we exit the position. Thus, if it broke to the downside, we look for momentum to pierce the upper part of the box. Once it does, we exit the trade on the moment it breaches it. Coincidentally, this happened on the exact same candle as the 20-period exponential moving average (EMA) breach.
Figure 4
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Pick Your Pairs Carefully
I recommend only using this on the following pairs: EUR/USD, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF. You can also try it on the EUR/JPY and GBP/JPY since they have sufficient volatility to produce big breakouts.
Generally, we would want 24 hours or more of consolidation, which would represent three sets of order books between the London, New York, and Tokyo sessions. The longer the consolidation, the better. Again, think of the lower Manhattan studio apartment analogy.
By Chris Capre, founder, Second Skies LLC
Chris Capre is the founder of Second Skies LLC, which specializes in trading systems, private mentoring, and advisory services. He has worked for one of the largest retail brokers in the FX market (FXCM) and is now the fund manager for White Knight Investments.
